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If you suffer from those persistent little bumps on your arms, legs or cheeks, it may be keratosis pilaris. ‘Keratosis pilaris, or KP, is a common, harmless skin condition that’s often described as “chicken skin,”’ explains London-based dermatologist Dr Anjali Mahto.

‘It’s caused by the accumulation of keratin, a protein in the skin, which blocks hair follicles and results in small, rough, flesh-coloured or red bumps on the outer aspects of your upper arms, thighs or buttocks.’ It can also occur in other areas of the body, though less frequently.

While KP rarely causes pain or itching, mild irritation can occur in some cases. If the condition is irritated, the skin surrounding the bumps may be dry or slightly red.

What causes KP?

‘The exact cause of keratosis pilaris is not fully understood, but there is a strong genetic component, meaning it often runs in families,’ says Dr Mahto. It’s also associated with dry skin and certain skin conditions, such as eczema, and can worsen during the winter.

What are the best treatments for KP?

There’s no magic cure. ‘Treatments for keratosis pilaris focus on softening the keratin plugs and improving skin texture,’ says Dr Mahto. The most effective way to smooth those rough bumps is with regular, gentle exfoliation using products that contain active ingredients. She recommends topical creams formulated with lactic acid, urea or salicylic acid to help refine the skin’s surface and restore softness over time.

Consistency is key when it comes to KP. ‘Daily application over several weeks to months is needed to see a real difference,’ explains Dr Mahto. ‘Improvements tend to be gradual, and while treatments can smooth roughness and calm redness, the results often fade if you stop using them.’ Keeping the skin moisturised and sticking to a regular routine can help prevent flare-ups – especially when the weather turns cold.

The best keratosis pilaris body washes

The best keratosis pilaris body serums

The best keratosis pilaris body lotions

What should you look for in a KP treatment?

For best results, follow Dr Mahto’s advice and look for moisturisers or creams containing ingredients known as keratolytic agents – they help exfoliate the top layer of skin. The most effective keratolytic ingredients include urea, lactic acid, salicylic acid and glycolic acid. Ideally these ingredients will be paired with a moisturising base to prevent dryness.

Can you ever get rid of KP completely?

The short answer is no. Keratosis pilaris is more of a condition that is managed rather than ‘cured’, says Dr Mahto. ‘It tends to wax and wane over time.’ Treatments can significantly improve the appearance of the skin, making it smoother and less noticeable, but bumps may recur if maintenance is discontinued.

When should you see a dermatologist?

Most cases of KP don’t require a dermatologist. However, you should consider a consultation if the condition is severe, itchy, inflamed or affecting your self-confidence – it may also not be KP, so seeing a dermatologist can ensure an accurate diagnosis.

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Rough, ugly bumps on arms and legs haunt so many women: Now a top dermatologist explains what causes the condition – and the surefire ways to banish it for good